this shows how hackers hack   remotly which is 90% undetectable

In this tutorial you will learn how to hack a computer any where in the world. Ok well not anywhere obviously things like the military and the goverment will have very high security so you definately wont be able 2 hack them using this method. I hope not aniways =\.

A Major Notice If you are behind a router you will need to port forward your router. To do this you can use a DMS. Its hard to explain as every router has a different interface ( homepage that has a different layout ) so i suggest you go to google and search portforward.com. It will teach you how to port forward your router there.

Ok to begin with you will need these three tools
Daemon Crypt -
Pc Guard -
Yuri Rat -

Ok now that you have these three tools your 1st step will be to open up Yuri Rat and then click on server build



You should now have the following the screen



In this screen I want you to put your IP address into the DNS/IP section.

To get IP Address go to Start > Run > Type CMD and hit enter. When the black box appears type in IPCONFIG. You will then have your IP Address

Port: You Can Leave As Default (-7898-)

Assigned Name: Doesn’t effect how the server will work its just to keep you more organized so if you wanted to hack your friend “JOE” and specifically make this server for him then you may want to type something like “JOES TROJAN”.

Server Install Name: You should leave this as default as I myself don’t know what the difference is as every server you make is named server when it is 1st created anyway. Do not change it as it may make problems but I am not sure.

Ok as you can see there are more settings on the right hand side. I am going to recommend you settings for different purposes

To Hack A Friend For Fun: Uncheck Everything Unless You Want To Do Optional
(OPTIONAL) Melt Server - Your server will disappear into another folder
(OPTIONAL) Custom Icon if you want to make it more believable or something then get an icon of super Mario or something you get my drift

To Find Out Valuable Information: Check Everything

Ok Now You Are Finished Click Build

Your server will then be saved to your C:\ or Hard Drive which ever you know it as. Now we are going to make the server about 90% Undetectable. Only once has one of my servers been detected by an anti virus and I think it was a Norton not sure which version. Ive scanned more then once with Kasper Sky & Symantec Anti Virus and every time they said its clean so lets begin

Open Up Daemon Crypt

Select Your File by clicking browse and going to the folder your server is in. If you have not moved it, it will most likely be in C:\

So Now You Have This



Click On Crypt and then you can close Daemon Tools

Now Install Your Pc Guard for Win32

When you open it you should get this



Ok you have to do basically the same thing as what you did with daemon tools. Click Browse and then find your server so that you have this



You then want to click on the General Settings and put these settings



Ok now you want to go to customization and make sure nothing is ticked



For the last step you want to click the protection methods tab and set it to plain. And then click on protect



Your server is now undetectable =)

Ok so now we have our server and everything is ready to go. Only thing now is to do some social engineering. Basically just lie to your friend/victim and tell them that it is a harmless file. If you do not know anything about your victim talk 2 him for like 3 days find out what he likes. Then lets say he likes football and naked women XD. say to him its a funny game where you play a 5minute 2D football match and if you win a sexc girl comes up on the screen and strips or something along them lines. Im not to good at social engineering. You could even say to your friend/victim that it is a patch for a game that you know that they have and it adds on extra things. The Server is now on there computer and they have double clicked it. If you checked the melt server option then the server will basically evaporate into their computer. They say hey its not working you say hey thats strange it works on my comp. Ahh fuck it i cant b bothered 2 send it again..

Ok so now you have the server running on there comp and it has opened up the default port for you to connect to.

Once again open Yuri Rat and click on listen. Yuri rat will then listen for your online servers that you have gave to people running on the default port 7898. If the person who you sent the rat to is not online you cant connect. When the server you sent out to your friend/victim a balloon notification will pop up. Note that yuri rat should still be listening for the servers. The server will show up in yuri rat. You right click and press connect. And there you go. you are now successfully connected to your victim



Ok now without uploading plug ins from yuri rat to your friends/victims computer you will only be able to do limited things with the program which are Download files from there comp & put files from your comp onto their comp.

When you are connected click on plug ins and them upload all of them.

You will then have access to keyloggers, screen capture and muc more. If you get stuck click on the help button and it wil tel you more aout plug ins

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First let me explain a few things about MAC addresses. MAC stands for Media Access Control and in a sense the MAC address is a computer?s true name on a LAN. An Ethernet MAC address is a six byte number, usually expressed as a twelve digit hexadecimal number (Example: 1AB4C234AB1F).



IPs are translated to MAC address by a protocol called ARP (Address Resolution Protocol). Let?s say a computer with and IP of 192.168.1.1 wants to send information to another computer on the LAN that has an IP of 192.168.1.2 . First 192.168.1.1 will send out a broadcast to all stations on the LAN asking who has the IP 192.168.1.2. Then the box that has 192.168.1.2 will respond to 192.168.1.1 with it?s MAC address which is cached in 192.168.1.1?s ARP table for later use. To put this in Socratic Dialog form (with just a touch of Stallone):



Host 1 (199.160.1.1): Yo everyone on the LAN (FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF), who has the IP 199.160.1.2? My MAC is DE:AD:BE:EF:CA:FE so you can respond back to me.

Host 2 (199.16o.1.2): Hello DE:AD:BE:EF:CA:FE, I have IP 199.160.1.2 and my MAC address is 12:34:56:78:90:12 so you can send your IP packets to me.



You can see the ARP table of a box by dropping out to a command prompt and typing ?arp ?a? in Windows or just ?arp? in Linux. ARP can also work the other way by a host on the LAN sending its MAC address to another machine on the LAN for preemptive caching unless the host is configured to not accept un-requested ARP replies.



A person might want to change the MAC address of a NIC for many reasons:



1. To get past MAC address filtering on a router. Valid MAC addresses can be found by sniffing them and then the deviant user could assume the MAC of a valid host. Having two hosts on the same network can cause some network stability problems, but much of the time it's workable. This is one of the reasons why MIC Address filtering on a wireless router is pointless. An attacker can just sniff the MAC address out of the air while in monitor mode and set his WiFi NIC to use it. Interestingly, a lot of hotels use MAC filtering in their "pay to surf" schemes, so this method can be an instant in for cheap skate road warriors.
2. Sniffing other connections on the network. By assuming another host's MAC as their own they may receive packets not meant for them. However, ARP poisoning is generally a better method than MAC spoofing to accomplish this task.
3. So as to keep their burned in MAC address out of IDS and security logs, thus keeping deviant behavior from being connected to their hardware. For example, two of the main things a DHCP server logs when it leases an IP to a client is the MAC address and host name. If you have a wireless router look around on it's web interface for where it logs this info. Luckily there are tools to randomize this information (MadMACs).
4. To pull off a denial of service attack, for instance assuming the MAC of the gateway to a sub net might cause traffic problems. Also, a lot of WiFi routers will lock up if a client tries to connect with the same MAC as the router's BSSID.

Linux

To change your MAC address in Linux (and most *nix system) is easy as pie. All it takes is two easy to script commands:



ifconfig eth0 down hw ether 00:00:00:00:00:01

ifconfig eth0 up



These two little commands would set your eth0 interface to use the MAC 00:00:00:00:00:01. Just plug in the NIC you want to set and the MAC address you want to use into the commands above and your done. Changing your MAC address is one of those things that is much easier to do in Linux then under Windows.



Mac OS X



For versions of OS X before Tiger (OS X 10.4) you will need this patch:



http://slagheap.net/etherspoof/



Then you use a command like:



sudo ifconfig en0 lladdr 00:00:00:00:00:01



I'm not much of a Macintosh guy, so I pulled most of this info from:

http://www.macgeekery.com/gspot/2006-04/mac_address_spoofing



My understanding is that there are complications with some AirPort cards so you may also want to read:

http://rgov.org/airport-spoof/



Windows 2000/XP/Vista: The Hard Way









In XP you can use the regedit to edit the registry from a GUI or the reg command to edit it from the console, I?ll be using regedit. Information on all your NICs can be found the registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\ Class\{4D36E972-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002bE10318}\ . Under this key you will find a bunch of sub keys labeled as 0000, 00001, 0002 and so forth. We can assume any MAC address we want by finding the key that controls the NIC we want to change, putting in a string value called ?NetworkAddress? and setting it to the MAC address we want to use formatted as a twelve digit hex number (example: 000000000001). To find out which key is which we can search through them for the value ?DriverDesc? until we find the one that matches the NIC we wish to alter. After you set ?NetworkAddress? to the address you want just restart the NIC by disabling it then enabling it (or in the case of PCMCIA cards, just eject and reinsert). You can confirm the MAC address change by using the ?getmac? or ?ipconfig /all? commands.



Windows 2000/XP/Vista: The Easy Way



Use Mac Makeup ( http://www.gorlani.com/publicprj/macmakeup/macmakeup.asp ), MadMACs (http://www.irongeek.com/i.php?page=security/madmacs-mac-spoofer), Smac ( http://www.klcconsulting.net/smac/ ) or Etherchange (http://ntsecurity.nu/toolbox/etherchange/ ). Mac Makeup is a cool little GUI and Command line tool that's freeware, the creator also offers a Plugin for Bart's PE builder. MadMACs is a tool to randomize your MAC address and host name on every reboot. Smac has a nice GUI and was free but has since gone commercial, there's no reason to bother with it as there are free tools that are just as good. I use MadMACs since I wrote it and it lets me keep my host information randomized.



Have fun with your MAC addresses switching, but be careful not to cause network problems. My favorite MAC address is DEADBEEFCAFE, for other interesting MACs see:



http://www.binrev.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=15942



Enjoy.





After Notes:

After I posted my article Benjamin E. Pratt emailed me some other notes on changing your MAC address on different platforms and in different ways:
BSD

1) Bring down the interface: "ifconfig xl0 down"

2) Enter new MAC address: "ifconfig xl0 link 00:00:00:AA:AA:AA"

3) Bring up the interface: "ifconfig xl0 up"

Linux

1) Bring down the interface: "ifconfig eth0 down"

2) Enter new MAC address: "ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:00:00:AA:AA:AA"

3) Bring up the interface: "ifconfig eth0 up"

Windows 2000/XP
Method 1:

This is depending on the type of Network Interface Card (NIC) you have. If you have a card that doesn?t support Clone MAC address, then you have to go to second method.

a) Go to Start->Settings->Control Panel and double click on Network and Dial-up Connections.

b) Right click on the NIC you want to change the MAC address and click on properties.

c) Under "General" tab, click on the "Configure" button

d) Click on "Advanced" tab

e) Under "Property section", you should see an item called "Network Address" or "Locally Administered Address", click on it.

f) On the right side, under "Value", type in the New MAC address you want to assign to your NIC. Usually this value is entered without the "-" between the MAC address numbers.

g) Goto command prompt and type in "ipconfig /all" or "net config rdr" to verify the changes. If the changes are not materialized, then use the second method.

h) If successful, reboot your system.

Method 2:

This should work on all Windows 2000/XP systems

a) Go to Start -> Run, type "regedt32" to start registry editor. Do not use "Regedit".

b) Go to "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\ Control\Class\{4D36E972-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}". Double click on it to expand the tree. The subkeys are 4-digit numbers, which represent particular network adapters. You should see it starts with 0000, then 0001, 0002, 0003 and so on.

c) Find the interface you want by searching for the proper "DriverDesc" key.

d) Edit, or add, the string key "NetworkAddress" (has the data type "REG_SZ") to contain the new MAC address.

e) Disable then re-enable the network interface that you changed (or reboot the system).

Method 3:

Use the program Etherchange from http://ntsecurity.nu/toolbox/etherchange/

Windows 9x

Use the same method as Windows 2000/XP except for the registry key location is "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\ CurrentControlSet\Services\Class\Net" and you must reboot your system.

Read more >>

i just wanna give you an easy tutorial how to deface a friendster profile or we can call it how to redirect the main page (profile) to other link. over here we just need three simple steep to do it:

--==1==-- login to your own friendster account
--==2==-- find your victim account
--==3==-- begin to write a testimonial-----------------------------------------------------------

hai how are you? you are so sexy, but why your eyes like my cat's pussy? and everything what do you want to write

ending manner------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
copy and paste the source above exactly after you put the link where you want to put the the main profile page. and wait until your sexy victim login to their own account and when the victim going to the pending testimonial area to check the testimonial directly their page will redirect to the link that you put it before. usually this exercise just work by internet explorer (the victim will redirect when they login to their account by using internet explorer)but you can try it by any browser mozilla, opera, netscape, or i.e.
i am sorry if i have any mistake by this simple tutorial because i just wanna share my experience and my knowledge.thanks and happy fun

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How to make a file of the size you want ?
Let us assume you want to make a file of size 10000kb
Convert it to bytes -> 10000*1024 which comes out to be 10240000 bytes

Open calculator (win key+r -> type in calc )
Choose view mode to be Scientific one
Type in 10240000 and convert it to hex it comes out to be 9C4000
Convert this value to 8 digits by padding zeroes to its left -> so finally it comes out be 009C4000

Open Command Prompt (win key + r -> type in cmd )
Type DEBUG filename.dat
it'll show file not found error ,ignore it
Type RCX -> Enter -> then last four hexadecimal numbers i.e. 4000 ->Enter
Type RBX -> Enter -> then first four hexadecimal numbers i.e. 009C->Enter
Type W ->Enter
Type Q ->Enter

W stands for write and Q for quit

Now check the file you just made by dir command ->dir filename.dat

Using the same technique you can make files as big as you want

Here is an image to show how exactly everything can be done




Another simpler method by Prash2488

try this command on cmd
fsutil file createnew [path]{e.g.:-F:new foldervirus.txt} [SizeInBytes]then press enter:

Read more >>

i just wanna give you an easy tutorial how to deface a friendster profile or we can call it how to redirect the main page (profile) to other link. over here we just need three simple steep to do it:

1. -- login to your own friendster account
2. -- find your victim accoun-
   
3. begin to write a testimonial-----------------------------------------------------------

hai how are you? you are so sexy, but why your eyes like my cat's pussy? and everything what do you want to write

ending manner------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
copy and paste the source above exactly after you put the link where you want to put the the main profile page. and wait until your sexy victim login to their own account and when the victim going to the pending testimonial area to check the testimonial directly their page will redirect to the link that you put it before. usually this exercise just work by internet explorer (the victim will redirect when they login to their account by using internet explorer)but you can try it by any browser mozilla, opera, netscape, or i.e.
i am sorry if i have any mistake by this simple tutorial because i just wanna share my experience and my knowledge.thanks and happy fun

dont forget to see the posts on these blogs
www.hackto.blogspot.com .....>macking coockie stelear
www.yahoohacking.blogspot.com ------>hacking orkut,macking fake pages

www.mobilecobes.com ----------->mabile codes and free gprs and mobile codes for all phoes

Read more >>

go to www.hackto.blogspot.com to read it



if it directs to another site paste it in ur url and see

Read more >>

Windows Keyboard Shortcuts for Mozilla Firefox
CTRL + A Select all text on a webpage
CTRL + B Open the Bookmarks sidebar
CTRL + C Copy the selected text to the Windows clipboard
CTRL + D Bookmark the current webpage
CTRL + F Find text within the current webpage
CTRL + G Find more text within the same webpage
CTRL + H Opens the webpage History sidebar
CTRL + I Open the Bookmarks sidebar
CTRL + J Opens the Download Dialogue Box
CTRL + K Places the cursor in the Web Search box ready to type your search
CTRL + L Places the cursor into the URL box ready to type a website address
CTRL + M Opens your mail program (if you have one) to create a new email message
CTRL + N Opens a new Firefox window
CTRL + O Open a local file
CTRL + P Print the current webpage
CTRL + R Reloads the current webpage
CTRL + S Save the current webpage on your PC
CTRL + T Opens a new Firefox Tab
CTRL + U View the page source of the current webpage
CTRL + V Paste the contents of the Windows clipboard
CTRL + W Closes the current Firefox Tab or Window (if more than one tab is open)
CTRL + X Cut the selected text
CTRL + Z Undo the last action
Windows Keyboard Shortcuts for Mozilla Firefox

F1 Opens Firefox help
F3 Find more text within the same webpage
F5 Reload the current webpage
F6 Toggles the cursor between the address/URL input box and the current webpage
F7 Toggles Caret Browsing on and off. Used to be able to select text on a webpage with the keyboard.

F11 Switch to Full Screen mode

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Stop using chemical based Insecticides to kill mosquitoes, because you might kill yourself.

Download these Anti Mosquito software to repel those annoying insects and be safer & greener


How does it work?
Dragonflies are the mortal enemy for mosquitoes and in flight they generate sound frequencies (approximately) between 67 Hz and 45 Hz, depending on their sizes.

56 Hz is a good average number in between those frequencies. Your PC sound card and speakers will work well for this purpose. There are many sound and tone generator programs available on the internet for both the Mac and Windows PC. Setup your computer with the sound/tone generator program running and then play the sound through your computer speakers. The speakers can be aimed directionally for complete room coverage.

The sound level on the speakers should be adjusted so it is barely audible. This arrangement can be setup in a bedroom where you would like to have the window open but are worried about mosquitoes. One speaker should be fairly close to where you are sleeping.

Here are some links to more advanced tone generator software which can actually sweep between the 45 Hz and 67 Hz frequencies:

http://www.nch.com.au/tonegen/index.html
http://www.esseraudiosolutions.com/ttg.htm

Read more >>

Wanna play with your friends by removing the shutdown option from start menu in their computer.
Just hack it down !!!

Click on start>run(win key+r)

Then tpye “regedit” there, this opens up the registry editor, now goto

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE>SOFTWARE>Microsoft>Wi

ndows>CurrentVersion>Explorer

Then set “NoClose”=”DWORD:1

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1. When using yahoo messenger click yahoo invoirment and take doodle if the other guy/gal is online it will laod but offline it will nor


2.
just log on to www.xeeber.com and put the id it shows weather its online or offline

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Required:

1. Windows XP operating system
2. Windows XP cd

Now, follow this steps:

1. Place the xp cd in your cd/dvd drive
2. Go to start
3. run
4. type in 'sfc /scannow' (without the ')

Now it should all load, and fix all your corrupted file on win XP.

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HONE BOOK STEALER

Description:

This type of mobile virus is very interesting that it'll steal user phonebook data and then it will compile it into a text file and sent it through
bluetooth without user confirmation.

So far, this is the first Symbian Virus that I've seen that it will steal user data without
user confirmation and sent thorogh other bluetooth supported devices.





Analysis/Observation:

This trojan was distributed in an application file and it is spreading in pbexplorer.SIS.

Symtomps:

When user try to install this suspicious *.SIS file, the image shown below is screenshoot taken during installation process:

http://img369.imageshack.us/img369/9507/8f209da05hb.jpg

After installation complete, the application has set to run automatically and will display the following text:

________________
| Phone Book |
| Compacting |
| by: lajel 202u |
| |
| please wait... |
|________________|

________________________
| Compacting |
| your contact(s),step 2 |
| |
| Please wait again |
| until done... |
|________________________|

After the malicious process done, it will pop out a message:

"Done!!!"

If user press [OK] the malicious program will ended itself and after some times,
it will start searching for bluetooth devices and sent all phonebook information in
text file via bluetooth.


Prevention:

This malware requires that the user intentionally install them upon the device. As always, users should never install third party application from unknown site.

SYMBIAN TROJAN--Mabtal.A....

Profimail v2.75_FULL.SIS/SymbOS Mabtal.A is a SIS file malware that pretends to be a cracked version of Profimail which is a very popular E-Mailing third party application in Symbian Platform, in fact, it is a malware which drops Mabir.A, Caribe and Fontal variants into the phone system, besides, it also drops some corrupted binaries file which causing the phone auto-restart and showing fatal error message. Next the phone will fail to boot-up permanently.


Positive analysis results:

While tested using the above handsets, both platform was affected. When user tries to install the suspicious file into his phone, it will look like the below image:

user posted image

While installing the suspicious file, it will show a message as shown below:
http://img268.imageshack.us/img268/2144/317e79031ih.th.jpg


This suspicious file automatically installed all files into the phone memory. Cabir virus will start spreading via bluetooth and keeps listening if any incoming message arrives in the phone, when any SMS/MMS message arrives in the phone, mabir.A virus will immediately sent itself out via MMS for spreading purpose.

When user tries to access the Profimail and ProfiExplorer third party application, it may display an error message as shown below:
http://img268.imageshack.us/img268/7508/76ff985d6zw.th.jpg

After it has successfully restart, due to the corrupted fonts, the device can't boot up permanently.

By using the hash-number-matching method, the following files was proved to be a malware files while analyzing work is in progress:

11x12 euro_fonts.gdr detected as SymbOS.Fontal.A
CARIBE0.APP detected as SymbOS.Mabir.A
CARIBE0.RSC detected as SymbOS.Cabir
flo0.mdl detected as SymbOS.Mabir.A
flo.mdl detected as SymbOS.Mabir.A
caribe.app detected as SymbOS.Mabir.A
caribe.rsc detected as SymbOS.Cabir
Appinst.app detected as SymbOS.Cabir.U2
Appinst.aif detected as SymbOS.Cabir.U2


This malware doesn't come with any valid digital certificate but it can replicate itself via bluetooth or MMS(Mabir.A) and it will cause severe damage to Symbian OS 6.1 handsets!

SplinterCell-ChaosTheory_S60_cracked-XiMPDA.SIS OR SymbOS/Skudoo.A..


This is a Series 60 trojan that installs skulls trojan, MGdropper, Commwarrior, Doomboot.A and cabir into the targeted device. When this trojan executed, most of application in the phone being replaced by a non-functional or corrupted files by the trojan into the phone, causing application can't run as usual. It fails to attack NOKIA 6680 while the phone has been restarted. Anyway, McAfee AVERT mentioned that this trojan will cause the phone fail to reboot on the next restart by the user.

It is also the first mobie trojan in the world which capable propagates MGDropper virus and Commwarrior virus vice-versa.

It contains also the image as shown below while I have extracted the *.SIS file:
http://i21.photobucket.com/albums/b261/McAfee88/aa.gif

Some of the blank icon that the trojan drops actually is coded to auto restart the phone, when the phone has been restarted, the menu function of the phone can't no longer be function and thus this totally lock the whole phone.

When user tries to installs the trojan into the phone, the symptoms are as shown below:
http://i21.photobucket.com/albums/b261/McAfee88/P1010045.jpg

While installing the suspicious file into the phone, it will pop up a message as shown below:
http://i21.photobucket.com/albums/b261/McAfee88/ccb3703e.jpg

Read more >>

Sniifing with Cain and Abel

What is Cain & Able ?
Cain & Abel is a password recovery tool for Microsoft Operating Systems. It allows easy recovery of various kind of passwords by sniffing the network, cracking encrypted passwords using Dictionary, Brute-Force and Cryptanalysis attacks, recording VoIP conversations, decoding scrambled passwords, recovering wireless network keys, revealing password boxes, uncovering cached passwords and analyzing routing protocols. (taken from their website)

Download Link :- http://oxid.netsons.org/download/ca_setup.exe (sometimes the link doesn't work)

Softpedia link :- > here <

This tutorial is meant for sniffing only there are a lot other things you can do with cain as mentioned above

How to sniff with CAIN
Step 1:- Install Cain and Launch it

Step 2:- Click on Sniffer tab


Step 3:- Activate the sniffer by clicking 2nd icon (seems like micro chip -- tooltip says Start/Stop Sniffer) from the left on top bar

Step 4:- Click on blue coloured Plus icon to scan for MAC address on LAN or simply right click ->scan MAC address


Step 5:- Click OK on the next window that comes -> CAIN is told to scan all the host in our subnet


Step 6:- Click on APR tab at the bottom


Step 7: Now Click on the Plus sign again at the top to add Computers to sniff on . A windows will pop up . In that windows . Select the router/gateway of your lan on the left side and the computer you want to sniff on the right side. Mostly the gateway is the one with ending octet 1 eg. 10.10.10.1 or 10.129.71.1 as in my case. Ususally last no. is 1




Step 8:- Now you'll see the computers are added to the list. Click on 3rd icon from the left on the top which is like has a biohazard sign . You'll see something like this



Step 9:- Step back and relax and let cain do its work you'll see passwords rolling in passwords tab.(click it to enter password)

well its 3 in the morning and i don't think anyone else is online besides me so this picture does't show you any passwords


Suggestions and Feedbacks are appreciated

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Read more >>

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A tutorial by Nikhil on The Basic's of Batch file programming. Explains you what batch file programming is and hot to create batch files.
The Basics of Batch File Programming

Batch file programming is nothing but a batch of DOS ( Disk Operating System ) commands, hence the name Batch. If you code a lot and know many languages you are sure to notice that Operating System ( OS )specific langauges ( languages that work only on a particular operating system, eg: Visual Basic Scripting works only in Windows ) give you amazing control over the system. This is why Batch is so powerfull, it gives you absolute control over DOS. Batch isnt reccomended at all because it is OS specific, but it is fun and easy to learn. This tutorial will not only teach you Batch file programming but also how to fend for yourself and learn more commands that tutorials dont teach you.
The first command you should know is ECHO. All ECHO does is simply print something onto the screen. It's like "printf" in C or "PRINT" in Basic. Anyway, this is how we use it.

ECHO Hello World!

All right, now save the above line as a .bat file and double click it. This should be the output -

C:WINDOWSDesktop>ECHO Hello World!
Hello World!

Hmmm, notice that it shows the command before executing it. But we're coders right? We dont want our code to look so untidy so just add an @ sign before ECHO and execute it. Woohoo! much better. The @ sign tells DOS to hide from the user whatever commands it is executing. Now, what if I want to write to a file? This is how I do it -

@ECHO Hello World > hello.txt

Simple huh? Remember, ">" to create or overwrite a file and ">>" to append ( write at the end ) of a file that already exists. Guess why this program wont work as desired to -

@ECHO Hello World > hello.txt
@ECHO Hello World Again > hello.txt

Looking at it, you will see that the program is supposed to write two lines one after another but it wont work because in the first line it will create a file called hello.txt and write the words "Hello World" to it, and in the second line it just over-writes the earlier text. So actually what it is doing is that it creates a file and writes to it and then over-writes what it had earlier written, to change this we just add a ">". The additional ">" will make DOS append to the file. So here's the improved form of the program -

@ECHO Hello World > hello.txt
@ECHO Hello World Again >> hello.txt

Save the above code as a .bat file and execute it, it will work without a hitch. The next thing we should learn is the GOTO statement. GOTO is just the same as it is in BASIC or for that fact any programming langauge but the only difference is between the labels.

This is a label in C or BASIC - label:

This is a label in batch - :label

In C or BASIC, the ":" comes after the label and in Batch it comes before the label. Bear this in mind as you proceed. Here's an example of the GOTO statement -

:labelone
@ECHO LoL
GOTO labelone

If you execute this code, you will see that it is an unlimited loop; it will keep printing to the screen till the end of time if you dont interupt it Smile The GOTO statement is very usefull when it comes to building big Batch programs. Now, we will learn the IF and EXIST commands. The IF command is usually used for checking if a file exists, like this -

@IF EXIST C:WINDOWSEXPLORER.EXE ECHO It exists

Observe that I have not used inverted commas ( " ) as I would in BASIC or C. The EXIST command is only found in Batch and not in any other language. The EXIST command can also be used to check if a file does not exist, like this -

@IF NOT EXIST C:WINDOWSEXPLORER.EXE ECHO It does not exist

Remember, Batch is not a language like C or BASIC or Pascal, it cannot do mathematical functions. In Batch, all you can do is control DOS. In the above example notice that there is no THEN command as there would be in most languages.
Sick and tired off using the @ sign before each and every command ? Let's do some research, go to the DOS prompt and type in ECHO /? and press enter. Interesting, in this way, when you hear of a new DOS command you dont know about, just type in "command /?" and you can get help on it. Now back to ECHO. According to the help we received by typing in ECHO /? you must have concluded if you type in ECHO OFF you no longer need to type an @ sign before every command.
Wait! just add an @ before ECHO OFF so that it does not display the message - ECHO is off.

The next command we are going to learn about is the CLS command. It stands for CLear Screen. If you know BASIC, you will have no problem understanding this command. All it does is clear the screen. Here's an example -

@ECHO OFF
CLS
ECHO This is DOS

This command need's no further explanation but type in CLS /? to get more help on the command.

The next command we are going to learn is CD. It stands for Current Directory. It displays the current directory in which you are if you just type in "CD" but if you type in"CD C:WindowsDesktop" it will take you to the Desktop. Here's an example -

@ECHO OFF
CD C:WindowsDesktop
ECHO Testing.. > test.txt
ECHO Testing...>>test.txt

This will change the directory to the Desktop and create a file there called test.txt and write to it. If we had not used the CD command, this is how the program would have looked.

@ECHO OFF
ECHO Testing.. > C:WindowsDesktoptest.txt
ECHO Testing...>> C:WindowsDesktoptest.txt

See the difference? Anyway that's all for the The Basics of Batch File Programming. Remember, each an every DOS command can be used in Batch.

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A tutorial by Nikhil on The Basic's of Batch file programming. Explains you what batch file programming is and hot to create batch files.
The Basics of Batch File Programming

Batch file programming is nothing but a batch of DOS ( Disk Operating System ) commands, hence the name Batch. If you code a lot and know many languages you are sure to notice that Operating System ( OS )specific langauges ( languages that work only on a particular operating system, eg: Visual Basic Scripting works only in Windows ) give you amazing control over the system. This is why Batch is so powerfull, it gives you absolute control over DOS. Batch isnt reccomended at all because it is OS specific, but it is fun and easy to learn. This tutorial will not only teach you Batch file programming but also how to fend for yourself and learn more commands that tutorials dont teach you.
The first command you should know is ECHO. All ECHO does is simply print something onto the screen. It's like "printf" in C or "PRINT" in Basic. Anyway, this is how we use it.

ECHO Hello World!

All right, now save the above line as a .bat file and double click it. This should be the output -

C:WINDOWSDesktop>ECHO Hello World!
Hello World!

Hmmm, notice that it shows the command before executing it. But we're coders right? We dont want our code to look so untidy so just add an @ sign before ECHO and execute it. Woohoo! much better. The @ sign tells DOS to hide from the user whatever commands it is executing. Now, what if I want to write to a file? This is how I do it -

@ECHO Hello World > hello.txt

Simple huh? Remember, ">" to create or overwrite a file and ">>" to append ( write at the end ) of a file that already exists. Guess why this program wont work as desired to -

@ECHO Hello World > hello.txt
@ECHO Hello World Again > hello.txt

Looking at it, you will see that the program is supposed to write two lines one after another but it wont work because in the first line it will create a file called hello.txt and write the words "Hello World" to it, and in the second line it just over-writes the earlier text. So actually what it is doing is that it creates a file and writes to it and then over-writes what it had earlier written, to change this we just add a ">". The additional ">" will make DOS append to the file. So here's the improved form of the program -

@ECHO Hello World > hello.txt
@ECHO Hello World Again >> hello.txt

Save the above code as a .bat file and execute it, it will work without a hitch. The next thing we should learn is the GOTO statement. GOTO is just the same as it is in BASIC or for that fact any programming langauge but the only difference is between the labels.

This is a label in C or BASIC - label:

This is a label in batch - :label

In C or BASIC, the ":" comes after the label and in Batch it comes before the label. Bear this in mind as you proceed. Here's an example of the GOTO statement -

:labelone
@ECHO LoL
GOTO labelone

If you execute this code, you will see that it is an unlimited loop; it will keep printing to the screen till the end of time if you dont interupt it Smile The GOTO statement is very usefull when it comes to building big Batch programs. Now, we will learn the IF and EXIST commands. The IF command is usually used for checking if a file exists, like this -

@IF EXIST C:WINDOWSEXPLORER.EXE ECHO It exists

Observe that I have not used inverted commas ( " ) as I would in BASIC or C. The EXIST command is only found in Batch and not in any other language. The EXIST command can also be used to check if a file does not exist, like this -

@IF NOT EXIST C:WINDOWSEXPLORER.EXE ECHO It does not exist

Remember, Batch is not a language like C or BASIC or Pascal, it cannot do mathematical functions. In Batch, all you can do is control DOS. In the above example notice that there is no THEN command as there would be in most languages.
Sick and tired off using the @ sign before each and every command ? Let's do some research, go to the DOS prompt and type in ECHO /? and press enter. Interesting, in this way, when you hear of a new DOS command you dont know about, just type in "command /?" and you can get help on it. Now back to ECHO. According to the help we received by typing in ECHO /? you must have concluded if you type in ECHO OFF you no longer need to type an @ sign before every command.
Wait! just add an @ before ECHO OFF so that it does not display the message - ECHO is off.

The next command we are going to learn about is the CLS command. It stands for CLear Screen. If you know BASIC, you will have no problem understanding this command. All it does is clear the screen. Here's an example -

@ECHO OFF
CLS
ECHO This is DOS

This command need's no further explanation but type in CLS /? to get more help on the command.

The next command we are going to learn is CD. It stands for Current Directory. It displays the current directory in which you are if you just type in "CD" but if you type in"CD C:WindowsDesktop" it will take you to the Desktop. Here's an example -

@ECHO OFF
CD C:WindowsDesktop
ECHO Testing.. > test.txt
ECHO Testing...>>test.txt

This will change the directory to the Desktop and create a file there called test.txt and write to it. If we had not used the CD command, this is how the program would have looked.

@ECHO OFF
ECHO Testing.. > C:WindowsDesktoptest.txt
ECHO Testing...>> C:WindowsDesktoptest.txt

See the difference? Anyway that's all for the The Basics of Batch File Programming. Remember, each an every DOS command can be used in Batch.

Read more >>

You probably what TCP/IP is;any computer using TCP/IP has a unique IP address by which data in the form of packets is sent and recieved from other computers.The process of passing data packets from one computer to another by analysing the "routing tables" to reach the destination is known as routing.
A routing table is a database of defined rules that determines the best path for data packets as they go towards their destination IP address.The process of routing is performed by a device called router.
But the IP addresses used for internal or private networks r not registered;they r reffered to as local IP addresses.These addresses are used for data transmission within the LAN,and r not visible on the internet.For data transmission from the internal network to the internet,the local IP address is registered as global IP address by Network Access Translation (NAT).
NAT provides security by hiding internal IP addresses,enables the use of more IP addresses without the possibility of IP address conflicts , and multiple ISDN(Integrated Services Digital Network) connections aooear as a single internet connections.This provides a first line of defence,but because NAT only translates IP addresses,a firewall is ususlly used in conjuction with a NAT router with security against incoming security data packets from the internet.The firewall could b software or hardware.

In some Detail : NAT

NAT is a standard that enables use of seperate sets of IP addresses for internal and external traffic.The translation of local IP addresses to global IP addresses is one-to-one(one internal address to one global address) or many to many-to-one(a group of internal address to one global address) basis while connectig to the internet.NAT can b used by a computer,a router,or a firewall.
NAT has several forms,such as static,dyanimic,overloading or overlapping.Static NAT translates any unregistered local IP on a one-to-one basis to a registered global IP address.The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) has reserved three blocks of the IP address space for private networks:
10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255
(24-bit block)
172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255
(20-bit block)
192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255
(16-bit block)
Any enterprise can use such IP addresses,and these will b unique within that enterprise.When the enterprises needs to connet to the net ,it needs to get a unique global/public IP address from the internet registryThat public network will never b assigned from the three blocks from the private networks.
As an example,192.168.21.14 will b translated as 212.15.48.105 and used for external traffic.Dynamic NAT translates any local unregistered IP address to a registered global IP address from a group or range of global IP addresses.For eg. 192.168.21.14 willb translated to any of the global IP addresses ranging from 212.15.148.105 to 212.15.148.120
In the case of overloading,each IP address on the private network is translated to a registered IP address ,but with a different port number.The internal IP might be in use by any other network.
In some cases,the internal IP range might be a registered range in use by another network.Here the NAT translates addresses to avoid potential conflicts.This is called overlapping.It can be done by using static NAT or by using DNS or dynamic NAT.
Firewalls r intrusion protection systems to prevent packets from unsecured,unknown or unauthorised locations coming in.Firewalls can b softwares or hardware.We have a good no. of tutorials about firewalls but still....NAT router offers packet-filtering firewalls(hardware firewalls).These examine the source IP address and port,to determine wether the packet is to be accepted or dropped.

Hardware Firewall

On a hardware firewall,user created or predefined rules about packets to be blocked from specific TCP/IP ports are configured.The firewall uses a technique of packet filtering by which it examines the header of incoming packets to determine their source and destination.It is then determined wether to take the packet or exclude it.
With hardware firewall only incoming traffic is restricted,and not out going traffic.So a malicious program such as a keylogger,which has already entered the network and is concealed as a safe program,can send information to its destination.
Also,at times,routing through the router is blocked,and peer-to-peer activity on the network is not possible if the private network uses a NAT-enabled router.
There is a debate wether NAT will be necessary,wether it will provide a better security,etc. when IPv6 is implemented.The debate goes on............

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